![]() ![]() A bi-directional transceiver uses two independent wavelength channels, one to transmit and one to receive traffic over a single fiber strand. There are four standard transceiver types, each with its own transmission distance: Second, they can act as an optical interface on the client side of a transponder-based xWDM system (more on transponders in our next installment). First, they can be connected directly to a single fiber channel or Ethernet data switch to transport data in the form of light over a dark fiber. Grey transceivers typically have two main applications. Since xWDM signals are colored wavelength channels, any signal that is not xWDM is typically referred to as an uncolored, or a grey signal. A standard transceiver, often referred to as a grey transceiver, is a single-channel device. ![]() There are three main categories of transceivers: This is a standard for ensuring that the same form-factor transceivers from different vendors are compatible in size and function, ensuring interoperability.ĭepending on the type of data to be transported, and at what speed and distance, different transceivers are available for the different tasks. In general, manufacturers design according to the Multisource Agreement (MSA). The size varies depending on speeds and protocols, and over time has tended to get bigger with increasing line speeds. Transceiver form factorsĪ form factor specifies the physical dimensions of the transceiver – its shape and size. We will come back to this so-called optical power budget in our next article. It also has a value that defines the amount of optical power available to successfully transmit signals over a distance of optical fiber. Typically, the output power and receiver sensitivity of an optical transceiver determines how far the traffic can travel. Each channel is transparent to the speed and type of data, meaning that any mix of SAN, WAN, voice and video services can be transported simultaneously over a single fiber or fiber pair in a WDM system. The signals can be wideband 850nm, 1310nm or 1550nm, or narrow band CWDM or DWDM wavelengths.ĭue to the physical properties of light, no channel can interfere with the next – they are completely separated from each other. Each data stream is converted to a signal with a unique wavelength, meaning that it is effectively a unique light color. These signals can then be transmitted over the optical fiber. ![]() To transport all this traffic over an optical network, whether it be FC, Ethernet or SONET/SDH, a component called an optical transceiver is needed. Transceivers are wavelength-specific lasers that convert electrical data signals from data switches into optical signals. From electricity to light (and back again) Both technologies provide faster and less expensive network interconnection than traditional Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) equipment. It is the international equivalent of SONET, which is used in the US and Canada. Synchronous optical networking (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH): SDH is a standard technology for synchronous data transmission on optical media. Fibre Channel typically runs on optical fiber cables within(data center connectivity) and between data centers (data center interconnect).Įthernet: Networking technologies mainly used for connecting a number of computer systems to form a local area network, with protocols to control the passing of information and to avoid simultaneous transmission by two or more systems. FC networks are known as a fabric because they operate in unison as one big switch. Fibre Channel is mainly used in storage area networks in enterprise storage. The traffic rules of fiber optic communicationįibre Channel, or FC: A high-speed networking technology primarily used to connect computer data storage to servers. Below, we describe the three key protocols for storage, data and voice, respectively. And just as we have traffic rules for driving, different traffic rules are needed to transport our optical traffic. In the first article of our series on WDM, The basics of dark fiber networks, we compared a fiber optic network to a powerful multi-lane expressway, capable of transporting traffic between various sites. Optical transceivers – turning data into light ![]()
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